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The scattering of gas from surfaces underpins technologies in fields such asgas permeation, heterogeneous catalysis and chemical vapour deposition. Theeffect of surface defects on the scattering is key in such technologies, but isstill poorly understood. It is known empirically that unordered surfacesresult-in Knudsen, random-angle, scattering, with the effect thought to beclassical. We here demonstrate the transition from quantum mechanicaldiffraction to an apparent Knudsen scattering, and show that quantumbound-state resonances can greatly affect this transition. Further, we findthat randomly distributed defects induce a blue-shift in the bound-stateenergies. We explore this phenomena, which can lay the basis for helium basedquantum metrology of defects in 2D materials and material surfaces.

Blue Shifts in Helium-Surface Bound-State Resonances and Quantum Effects in Knudsen Scattering