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We consider thermal effects in the propagation of gravitational waves on acosmological background. In particular, we consider scalar field cosmologiesand study gravitational modes near cosmological singularities. We point outthat the contribution of thermal radiation can heavily affect the dynamics ofgravitational waves giving enhancement or dissipation effects both at quantumand classical level.These effects are considered both in General Relativity andin modified theories like $F(R)$ gravity which can be easily reduced toscalar-tensor cosmology. The possible detection and disentanglement of standardand scalar gravitational modes on the stochastic background are also discussed.

Thermal effects and scalar modes in the cosmological propagation of gravitational waves