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Several calibration techniques have been proposed in the literature for thecalibration of two-component two-dimensional (2C-2D) particle image velocimetry(PIV) and three-component two-dimensional (3C-2D) stereoscopic PIV (SPIV)systems. These techniques generally involve the use of a calibration targetthat is assumed to be at the exact centre of the laser sheet within the fieldof view (FOV), which in practice is very difficult to achieve. In 3C-2D SPIV,several methods offer different correction schemes based on the computation ofa disparity map, which are aimed at correcting errors produced due to thismisalignment. These techniques adjust the calibration of individual cameras toreduce the disparity error, but in doing so can create unintended errors in themeasurement position and/or the velocity measurements, such as introducing abias in the measured three-component (3-C) displacements. This paper introducesa novel method to ensure accurate alignment of the laser sheet with thecalibration target so that the uncertainty in displacement measurements is lessthan or equal to the uncertainty inherent to the PIV and hence, no correctionscheme is required. The proposed method has been validated with a simpleexperiment in which true displacements are given to a particle container(illuminated by an aligned laser sheet) and the measured 3C displacements arecompared with the given true displacements. An uncertainty of less than 7.6micrometres (equivalent to 0.114 pixels) in the measured 3C displacementsdemonstrates the effectiveness of the new alignment method and eliminates theneed for any ad hoc post-correction scheme.

On assuring the accurate alignment of laser sheets for planar and stereoscopic PIV