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Ecosystem services are the direct and indirect contributions of an ecosystemto human well-being and survival. Ecosystem valuation is a method of assigninga monetary value to an ecosystem with its goods and services,often referred toas ecosystem service value (ESV). With the rapid expansion of cities, amismatch occurs between urban development and ecological development, and it isincreasingly urgent to establish a valid ecological assessment method. In thisstudy, we propose an ecological evaluation standard framework by designing anESV monitoring workflow based on the establishment of multi-level grids. Theproposed method is able to capture multi-scale features, facilitatesmulti-level spatial expression, and can effectively reveal the spatialheterogeneity of ESV. Taking Haian city in the Jiangsu province as the studycase, we implemented the proposed dynamic multi-level grids-based (DMLG) tocalculate its urban ESV in 2016 and 2019. We found that the ESV of Haian cityshowed considerable growth (increased by 24.54 million RMB). Negative ESVs areconcentrated in the central city, which presented a rapid trend of outwardexpansion. The results illustrated that the ongoing urban expanse does notreduce the ecological value in the study area. The proposed unified gridframework can be applied to other geographical regions and is expected tobenefit future studies in ecosystem service evaluation in terms of capturemulti-level spatial heterogeneity.

Monitoring urban ecosystem service value using dynamic multi-level grids