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In this paper, a real-world transportation problem is addressed, concerningthe collection and the transportation of biological sample tubes from samplingpoints to a main hospital. Blood and other biological samples are collected indifferent centers during morning hours. Then, the samples are transported tothe main hospital, for their analysis, by a fleet of vehicles located ingeographically distributed depots. Each sample has a limited lifetime and mustarrive to the main hospital within that time. If a sample cannot arrive to thehospital within the lifetime, either is discarded or must be processed indedicated facilities called Spoke Centers.Two Mixed Integer Linear Programmingformulations and an Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search (ALNS) metaheuristicalgorithm have been developed for the problem. Computational experiments ondifferent sets of instances based on real-life data provided by the LocalHealthcare Authority of Bologna, Italy, are presented. A comparison on smallinstances with the optimal solutions obtained by the formulations shows theeffectiveness of the proposed ALNS algorithm. On real-life instances, differentbatching policies of the samples are evaluated. The results show that the ALNSalgorithm is able to find solutions in which all the samples are delivered ontime, while in the real case about the 40% [5] of the samples is deliveredlate.

A vehicle routing problem for biological sample transportation in healthcare: mathematical formulations and a metaheuristic approach