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In the past, a number of heat engine models have been devised to apply theprinciples of thermodynamics to a laser. The best one known is the model usinga negative temperature to describe population inversion. In this paper, wepresent a new temperature scale not based on reservoir temperatures. This isrealized by revealing a formal mathematical similarity between the expressionsfor the optimum power generated by an endoreversible heat engine and theoptimum output-coupled power from a three-level laser resonator. As aconsequence, the theory of endoreversibility can be applied to enable a newefficiency analysis of the cooling of high-power lasers. We extend theendoreversibility concept also to the four-level laser model.

Light and thermodynamics: the three-level laser as an endoreversible heat engine