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Unsteady Lifting-Line Theory (ULLT) is a low order method capable of modelinginteracting unsteady and finite wing effects at low computational cost. Mostformulations of the method assume inviscid flow and small amplitudes. Whilstthese assumptions might be suitable for small-amplitude aeroelastic problems athigh Reynolds numbers, modern engineering applications increasingly involvelower Reynolds numbers, large amplitude kinematics and vortex structures thatlead to aerodynamic non-linearities.  This paper establishes that ULLT still provides a good solution for lowReynolds number, large-amplitude kinematics problems, by comparing ULLT resultsagainst those of experimentally validated computational fluid dynamicssimulations at Re=10000. Three-dimensional (3D) effects stabilize Leading EdgeVortex (LEV) structures, resulting in a good prediction of whole wing forcecoefficients by ULLT. Whilst the inviscid spanwise force distributions areaccurate for small-amplitude kinematics, the ULLT cannot model 3D vorticalstructures, and thus it cannot correctly predict the force distribution due theLEV. It can however predict the shedding of LEVs to a limited extent via theleading edge suction parameter criterion. This can then be used as an indicatorof the usefulness of the force distribution results.

Applying inviscid linear unsteady lifting-line theory to viscous large-amplitude problems