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Thermal management is ubiquitous in the modern world and indispensable for asustainable future. Radiative heat management provides unique advantagesbecause the heat transfer can be controlled by the surface. However, differentsurface emissivities require different tuning strategies. Here, we demonstratea triple-mode mid-infrared modulator that can switch between passive heatingand cooling suitable for all types of object surface emissivities. The deviceis composed of a surface-textured infrared-semi-transparent elastomer coatedwith a metallic back reflector, which is biaxially strained to sequentiallyachieve three fundamental modes: emission, reflection, and transmission. Byanalyzing and optimizing the coupling between optical and mechanicalproperties, we achieve a performance of emittance contrast = 0.58,transmittance contrast = 0.49, and reflectance contrast = 0.39. The device canprovide a new design paradigm of radiation heat regulation to develop the nextgeneration wearable devices, robotics, and camouflage technology.

A triple-mode mid-infrared modulator for all-surface radiative thermal management