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We present the first large-scale measurement study of cross-partisandiscussions between liberals and conservatives on YouTube, based on a datasetof 274,241 political videos from 973 channels of US partisan media and 134Mcomments from 9.3M users over eight months in 2020. Contrary to a simplenarrative of echo chambers, we find a surprising amount of cross-talk: mostusers with at least 10 comments posted at least once on both left-leaning andright-leaning YouTube channels. Cross-talk, however, was not symmetric. Basedon the user leaning predicted by a hierarchical attention model, we find thatconservatives were much more likely to comment on left-leaning videos thanliberals on right-leaning videos. Secondly, YouTube's comment sorting algorithmmade cross-partisan comments modestly less visible; for example, comments fromconservatives made up 26.3% of all comments on left-leaning videos but justover 20% of the comments were in the top 20 positions. Lastly, usingPerspective API's toxicity score as a measure of quality, we find thatconservatives were not significantly more toxic than liberals when usersdirectly commented on the content of videos. However, when users replied tocomments from other users, we find that cross-partisan replies were more toxicthan co-partisan replies on both left-leaning and right-leaning videos, withcross-partisan replies being especially toxic on the replier's home turf.

Cross-Partisan Discussions on YouTube: Conservatives Talk to Liberals but Liberals Don't Talk to Conservatives