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Software obfuscation is widely used by Android developers to protect thesource code of their applications against adversarial reverse-engineeringefforts. A specific type of obfuscation, string obfuscation, transforms thecontent of all string literals in the source code to non-interpretable text andinserts logic to deobfuscate these string literals at runtime. In this work, wedemonstrate that string obfuscation is easily reversible. We present ASTANA, apractical tool for Android applications to recovers the human-readable contentfrom obfuscated string literals. ASTANA makes minimal assumptions about theobfuscation logic or application structure. The key idea is to execute thedeobfuscation logic for a specific (obfuscated) string literal, which yieldsthe original string value. To obtain the relevant deobfuscation logic, wepresent a lightweight and optimistic algorithm, based on program slicingtechniques. By an experimental evaluation with 100 popular real-world financialapplications, we demonstrate the practicality of ASTANA. We verify thecorrectness of our deobfuscation tool and provide insights in the behaviour ofstring obfuscators applied by the developers of the evaluated Androidapplications.

ASTANA: Practical String Deobfuscation for Android Applications Using Program Slicing