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As an attempt to tackle the low-data-rate issue of the conventional LoRasystems, we propose two novel frequency-bin-index (FBI) LoRa schemes. In schemeI, the indices of starting frequency bins (SFBs) are utilized to carry theinformation bits. To facilitate the actual implementation, the SFBs of eachLoRa signal are divided into several groups prior to the modulation process inthe proposed FBI-LoRa system. To further improve the system flexibility, weformulate a generalized modulation scheme and propose scheme II by treating theSFB groups as an additional type of transmission entity. In scheme II, thecombination of SFB indices and that of SFB group indices are both exploited tocarry the information bits. We derive the theoretical expressions forbit-error-rate (BER) and throughput of the proposed FBI-LoRa system with twomodulation schemes over additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and Rayleighfading channels. Theoretical and simulation results show that the proposedFBI-LoRa schemes can significantly increases the transmission throughputcompared with the existing LoRa systems at the expense of a slight loss in BERperformance. Thanks to the appealing superiorities, the proposed FBI-LoRasystem is a promising alternative for high-data-rate Internet of Things (IoT)applications.

A New Frequency-Bin-Index LoRa System for High-Data-Rate Transmission: Design and Performance Analysis