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The properties of welded components are dominated by the microstructureevolution in the pool, where the solidification conditions are space-timevariational. To represent the variational solidification conditions in thepool, the multi-scale simulation is carried out in this paper, combining themicroscopic Phase-Field (PF) equations with the macroscopic thermal processes.Firstly, two different models, the GR model and TF model, are employed tosimulate the single crystal solidification at a local region of the pool.Results suggest the TF model is more suitable to reflect the variationalconditions than the GR model. Secondly, the single-crystal solidification andpoly-crystal solidification at the whole region of the pool are performedthrough the TF model. The results demonstrate the space-time variabilities ofthe solidification conditions across the melt pool. Meanwhile, the variationalconditions affect the microstructure evolution significantly, including theonset of initial instability at the epitaxial growth stage and the directionalevolutions of the converging grain boundaries (GBs) and diverging GBs at thecompetitive growth stage. Moreover, the formation of axial grain structures isobserved, which can be regarded as the competition between the grains along theaxial direction and radial direction. This study indicates the necessity ofconsidering the variational conditions in a pool. Meanwhile, the PF model cansimulate microstructure evolution under the variational conditions accurately,which has a great potential for investigating solidification dynamics in themelt pool.

Microstructure evolution under the space-time variational solidification conditions in a melt pool: A multi-scale simulation study