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Anticipating the maximum magnitude of injection-triggered earthquakes ishighly valuable for the safe and efficient exploitation of geoenergies. Therecent work by Li et al.(2021) reached the conclusion that unexpectedly largeinjection-triggered earthquakes are primarily caused by large pre-existingcritical shear stresses on seismogenic faults. Also of great interest is theproposal of the ratio of fault slip to dilation as an index to anticipate thefault rupture energetics. However, their fluid injection experiments wereconducted under fully drained conditions, where the fluid pressure distributionon the fault plane is always uniform. As already pointed out by the authors,local fluid pressure perturbations inside faults under locally undrainedconditions also have the potential to cause unexpectedly large seismic events.Here we add more datasets and possible explanations for this viewpoint, whichhas not been explored in such detail by Li et al.(2021).

Local fluid pressure perturbations inside faults matter in unexpectedly large injection-triggered earthquakes