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Hotspots, a small set of tuples frequently read/written by a large number oftransactions, cause contention in a concurrency control protocol. While ahotspot may comprise only a small fraction of a transaction's execution time,conventional strict two-phase locking allows a transaction to release lock onlyafter the transaction completes, which leaves significant parallelismunexploited. Ideally, a concurrency control protocol serializes transactionsonly for the duration of the hotspots, rather than the duration oftransactions. We observe that exploiting such parallelism requires violatingtwo-phase locking. In this paper, we propose Bamboo, a new concurrency controlprotocol that can enable such parallelism by modifying the conventionaltwo-phase locking, while maintaining the same guarantees in correctness. Wethoroughly analyzed the effect of cascading aborts involved in readinguncommitted data and discussed optimizations that can be applied to furtherimprove the performance. Our evaluation on TPC-C shows a performanceimprovement up to 4x compared to the best of pessimistic and optimisticbaseline protocols. On synthetic workloads that contain a single hotspot,Bamboo achieves a speedup up to 19x over baselines.

Releasing Locks As Early As You Can: Reducing Contention of Hotspots by Violating Two-Phase Locking (Extended Version)