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While the thermal and electromagnetic properties of plasmonic nanostructuresare well understood, nanoscale thermometry still presents an experimental andtheoretical challenge. Plasmonic structures can confine electromagnetic energyat the nanoscale, resulting in local, inhomogeneous, controllable heating. Butreading out the temperature with nanoscale precision using optical techniquesposes a difficult challenge. Here we report on the optical thermometry ofindividual gold nanorod trimers that exhibit multiple wavelength-dependentplasmon modes resulting in measurably different local temperaturedistributions. Specifically, we demonstrate how photothermal microscopy encodesdifferent wavelength-dependent temperature profiles in the asymmetry of thephotothermal image point spread function. These point spread functionasymmetries are interpreted through companion numerical simulations of thephotothermal images to reveal how differing thermal gradients within thenanorod trimer can be controlled by exciting its hybridized plasmonic modes. Wealso find that hybrid plasmon modes that are optically dark can be excited byour focused laser beam illumination geometry at certain beam positions, therebyproviding an additional route to modify thermal profiles at the nanoscalebeyond wide-field illumination. Taken together these findings demonstrate anall-optical thermometry technique to actively create and measure thermalgradients at the nanoscale below the diffraction limit.

Wavelength-dependent photothermal imaging probes nanoscale temperature differences among sub-diffraction coupled plasmonic nanorods