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A novel space-time parallel index modulation scheme is proposed in this paperfor conveying extra digital information with the aid of space and time indices.In this proposed scheme, time-indexing is cleverly performed in parallelspatial modulation (PSM) schemes using transmit antenna grouping, and referredto as time-indexed parallel spatial modulation (TI-PSM). In this scheme,transmit antennas are divided into groups to adopt TI-SM scheme in large-scalemultiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems with inter-channel interference(ICI) avoidance. This scheme is attractive due to both the high data rate andgood performance improvement that can be achieved. The bit error rate (BER)performance of the TI-PSM scheme is evaluated and compared to that of theconventional schemes. Simulation results demonstrated that a significantimprovement is achieved by the TI-PSM scheme as compared to the TI-SM and PSMschemes for the same achieved rate. It is also shown that TI-SM and TI-PSMschemes provide higher performance drop with channel estimation errors (CEEs)than the conventional SM and PSM systems. Therefore, due to the highperformance improvements achieved in TI-PSM scheme, it can be effectivelyregarded as a promising solution for various 5G and beyond wireless networks.

Time-Indexed Parallel Spatial Modulation for Large-scale MIMO Systems with Antenna Grouping