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Many operators have been bullish on the role of millimeter-wave (mmWave)communications in fifth-generation (5G) mobile broadband because of itscapability of delivering extreme data speeds and capacity. However, mmWavecomes with challenges related to significantly high path loss andsusceptibility to blockage. Particularly, when mmWave communication is appliedto a mobile terminal device, communication can be frequently broken because oframpant hand blockage. Although a number of mobile phone companies havesuggested configuring multiple sets of antenna modules at different locationson a mobile phone to circumvent this problem, identifying an optimal antennamodule and a beam pair by simultaneously opening multiple sets of antennamodules causes the problem of excessive power consumption and device costs. Inthis study, a fast antenna and beam switching method termed Fast-ABS isproposed. In this method, only one antenna module is used for the reception topredict the best beam of other antenna modules. As such, unmasked antennamodules and their corresponding beam pairs can be rapidly selected forswitching to avoid the problem of poor quality or disconnection ofcommunications caused by hand blockage. Thorough analysis and extensivesimulations, which include the derivation of relevant Cram\'{e}r-Rao lowerbounds, show that the performance of Fast-ABS is close to that of an oraclesolution that can instantaneously identify the best beam of other antennamodules even in complex multipath scenarios. Furthermore, Fast-ABS isimplemented on a software defined radio and integrated into a 5G New Radiophysical layer. Over-the-air experiments reveal that Fast-ABS can achieveefficient and seamless connectivity despite hand blockage.

Fast Antenna and Beam Switching Method for mmWave Handsets with Hand Blockage