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By processing in the frequency domain (FD), massive MIMO systems can approachthe theoretical per-user capacity using a single carrier modulation (SCM)waveform with a cyclic prefix. Minimum mean squared error (MMSE) detection andzero forcing (ZF) precoding have been shown to effectively cancel multi-userinterference while compensating for inter-symbol interference. In this paper,we present a modified downlink precoding approach in the FD based onregularized zero forcing (RZF), which reuses the matrix inverses calculated aspart of the FD MMSE uplink detection. By reusing these calculations, thecomputational complexity of the RZF precoder is drastically lowered, comparedto the ZF precoder. Introduction of the regularization in RZF leads to a biasin the detected data symbols at the user terminals. We show this bias can beremoved by incorporating a scaling factor at the receiver. Furthermore, it isnoted that user powers have to be optimized to strike a balance between noiseand interference seen at each user terminal. The resulting performance of theRZF precoder exceeds that of the ZF precoder for low and moderate inputsignal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions, and performance is equal for high inputSNR. These results are established and confirmed by analysis and simulation.

Efficient Precoding for Single Carrier Modulation in Multi-User Massive MIMO Networks