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Criticality experiments with $^{235}$U (metal and hydride) and $^{239}$Pu(metal) were performed during the Manhattan Project. Results from theseexperiments provided necessary information for the success of the ManhattanProject. These experiments have been previously described in compilations madeafter the Manhattan Project, but those works are either lacking in technicaldetails or are not publicly available. This work aims to provide detailedinformation while showcasing the enduring impact of these experiments 75 yearsafter they were performed. Furthermore, we use modern computational methodsembodied in the MCNP6 code and ENDF data to analyze and interpret thesehistoric measurements. The world's first four criticality accidents are alsodiscussed, as lessons learned from these helped shape the field of criticalityexperiments.

Criticality Experiments with Fast 25 and 49 Metal and Hydride Systems During the Manhattan Project