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It has been hypothesized that Gamma cortical oscillations play importantroles in numerous cognitive processes and may involve psychiatric conditionsincluding anxiety, schizophrenia, and autism. Gamma rhythms are commonlyobserved in many brain regions during both waking and sleep states, yet theirfunctions and mechanisms remain a matter of debate. Spatiotemporal Gammaoscillations can explain neuronal representation, computation, and the shapingof communication among cortical neurons, even neurological and neuropsychiatricdisorders in neo-cortex. In this study, the neural network dynamics andspatiotemporal behavior in the cerebral cortex are examined during Gamma brainactivity. We have directly observed the Gamma oscillations on visual processingas spatiotemporal waves induced by targeted optogenetics stimulation. We haveexperimentally demonstrated the constant optogenetics stimulation based on theChR2 opsin under the control of the CaMKII{\alpha} promotor, which can inducesustained narrowband Gamma oscillations in the visual cortex of rats duringtheir comatose states. The injections of the viral vector [LentiVirusCaMKII{\alpha} ChR2] was performed at two different depths, 200 and 500 \mu m.Finally, we computationally analyze our results via Wilson-Cowan model.

Optogenetically Induced Spatiotemporal Gamma Oscillations in Visual Cortex