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The consortium of the European project 16NRM05 designed a novel ionisationvacuum gauge in which the electrons take a straight path from the emittingcathode through the ionisation space into a Faraday cup. Compared to existingionisation vacuum gauges, this has the advantage that the electron path lengthis well defined. It is independent of the point and angle of emission and isnot affected by space charge around the collector. In addition, the electronsdo not hit the anode where they can be reflected, generate secondary electronsor cause desorption of neutrals or ions. This design was chosen in order todevelop a more stable ionisation vacuum gauge suitable as reference standard inthe range of 10-6 Pa to 10-2 Pa for calibration purposes of other vacuum gaugesand quadrupole mass spectrometers. Prototype gauges were produced by twodifferent manufacturers and showed predictable sensitivities with a very smallspread (< 1.5%), very good short-term repeatability (< 0.05%) andreproducibility (< 1%), even after changing the emission cathode and drop-downtests. These characteristics make the gauge also attractive for industrialapplications, because a gauge exchange does not require calibration orre-adjustment of a process.

Electrons on a straight path: A novel ionisation vacuum gauge suitable as reference standard