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Lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) waveguides, as an emerging technology,have proven to offer a promising platform for integrated optics, due to theirstrong optical confinement comparable to silicon on insulator (SOI) waveguides,while possessing the versatile properties of lithium niobate, such as highelectro-optic coefficients. In this paper, we show that mode hybridization, aphenomenon widely found in vertically asymmetric waveguides, can be efficientlymodulated in an LNOI ridge waveguide by electro-optic effect, leading to apolarization mode converter with 97% efficiency. Moreover, the proposed devicedoes not require tapering or periodic poling, thereby greatly simplifying thefabrication process. It can also be actively switched by external fields. Sucha platform facilitates technological progress of photonic circuits and sensors.

Electro-optically modulated polarization mode conversion in lithium niobate ridge waveguides