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Li-ion batteries with nickel-manganese-cobalt (NMC) cathode and graphiteanode are popularly used in portable electronic devices and electric vehicles.Calendar loss of the lithium ion battery is a dominating factor in batterydegradation. However, few modeling work was reported on studying the calendarcapacity loss of NMC-graphite Li-ion batteries. In this work, anelectrochemical model for NMC-graphite Li-ion battery was developed toinvestigate its calendar loss behavior. Various factors affecting the calendarloss of the NMC-graphite batteries were systematically investigated, with theresults validated with experimental data of a Sanyo 18,650 cylindrical cell. Itwas found that at 25 o C working temperature and 100% SOC, the capacity drops6.4% of its original capacity after 10 months. Also, when the anode particlesize decreases from 26.2 {\mu}m to 6.55 {\mu}m, the capacity drop ratio is over22% after 10 months under the same operation condition. Our simulation resultsdemonstrate that a smaller SOC, a lower cell working temperature and a largerparticle size could prolong the battery life during the storage period. Thismodeling work can help better understand the calendar loss behavior ofNMC-graphite Li-ion batteries, and serve as a robust reference for the batteryperformance optimization in future.

Electrochemical Modeling of Calendar Capacity Loss of Nickel-Manganese-Cobalt (NMC)-Graphite Lithium Ion Batteries