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Niche and neutral theory are two prevailing, yet much debated, ideas inecology proposed to explain the patterns of biodiversity. Whereas niche theoryemphasizes selective differences between species and interspecific interactionsin shaping the community, neutral theory supposes functional equivalencebetween species and points to stochasticity as the primary driver of ecologicaldynamics. In this work, we draw a bridge between these two opposing theories.Starting from a Lotka-Volterra (LV) model with demographic noise and randomsymmetric interactions, we analytically derive the stationary populationstatistics and species abundance distribution (SAD). Using these results, wedemonstrate that the model can exhibit three classes of SADs commonly found inniche and neutral theories and found conditions that allow an ecosystem totransition between these various regimes. Thus, we reconcile how neutral-likestatistics may arise from a diverse community with niche differentiation.

Understanding Species Abundance Distributions in Complex Ecosystems of Interacting Species