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The manipulation of light emitted by two-dimensional semiconductors groundsforthcoming technologies in the field of on-chip communications. However, thesetechnologies require from the so elusive out-of-plane photon sources to achievean efficient coupling of radiated light into planar devices. Here we propose aversatile spectroscopic method that enables the identification of theout-of-plane component of dipoles. The method is based on the selectivecoupling of light emitted by in-plane and out-of-plane dipoles to thewhispering gallery modes of spherical dielectric microresonators, in closecontact to them. We have applied this method to demonstrate the existence ofdipoles with an out-of-plane orientation in monolayer WSe2 at room temperature.Micro-photoluminescent measurements, numerical simulations based on finiteelement methods, and ab-initio calculations have identified trions as thesource responsible for this out-of-plane emission, opening new routes forrealizing on-chip integrated systems with applications in informationprocessing and quantum communications.

Out-of-plane emission of trions in monolayer WSe2 revealed by whispering gallery modes of dielectric microresonators