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SPECT imaging is one of the common modalities used to examine kidney disease.The radiopharmaceuticals such as 99mTc-MAG3, 99mTc-DTPA, and 99mTc-DMSA arecommonly employed for pediatric patients. It is generally accepted thatchildren organs are more sensitive to radiation than adults, due to theirgrowth rate. Therefore, evaluating the absorbed dose in children to avoidirrecoverable damage is highly crucial. In this work, absorbed dose bydifferent organs of children within the SPECT imaging for the above-mentionedradiopharmaceuticals were estimated through the use of Monte Carlo simulationfor patients at the ages of 4, 8, 11, and 14-years old. The patients absorbeddose was estimated based on the specific radiopharmaceutical uptake patternsand the age-related human body models. To this end, we used the University ofFlorida (UF) voxel-wise baby phantoms and the Monte Carlo simulation for thepediatric patients at 4, 8, 11, and 14 years of age. The accuracy of thedosimetric outcomes was evaluated versus the ICRP 128 data. The highest andlowest doses absorbed by the kidneys were 0.48 mGy-MBq and 0.0042 mGy-MBqobtained for 4-year-old and 14-year-old children using 99mTc-DMSA and99mTc-MAG3 radiopharmaceuticals, respectively. Moreover, in these cases, therelative errors of simulation results compared to the reference ICRP data were12.1% and 0.95%, respectively. The simulation results were in good agreementwith the ICRP 128 data. The results showed that the highest absorbed dose wasby kidneys and when 99mTc-DMSA was used. The highest and lowest absorbed dosein the organs occurs when 99mTc-DMSA and 99mTc-MAG3 (in normal renal function)are used, respectively. On the other hand, the results indicated that the dosereceived by the organs decreases with age.

Monte Carlo-based estimation of patient absorbed dose in 99mTc-DMSA, -MAG3, and -DTPA SPECT imaging using the University of Florida (UF) phantoms