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The fifth-generation mobile evolution enables several transformations on NextGeneration Radio Access Networks (NG-RAN). The RAN protocol stack is splittinginto eight possible disaggregated options combined into three network units,i.e., Central, Distributed, and Radio. Besides that, further advances allow theRAN software to be virtualized on top of general-purpose vendor-neutralhardware, dealing with the concept of virtualized RAN (vRAN). The disaggregatednetwork units initiatives reach full interoperability based on the Open RAN(O-RAN). The combination of NG-RAN and vRAN results in vNG-RAN, enabling themanagement of disaggregated units and protocols as a set of radio functions.The placement of these functions is challenging since the best decision can bebased on multiple constraints, such as the RAN protocol stack split, routingpaths of transport networks with restricted bandwidth and latency requirements,different topologies and link capabilities, asymmetric computational resources,etc. This article proposes the first exact model for the placement optimizationof radio functions for vNG-RAN planning, named PlaceRAN. The main objective isto minimize the computing resources and maximize the aggregation of radiofunctions. The PlaceRAN evaluation considered two realistic network topologies.Our results reveal that the PlaceRAN model achieves an optimizedhigh-performance aggregation level, it is flexible for RAN deploymentovercoming the network restrictions, and it is up to date with the mostadvanced vNG-RAN design and development.

PlaceRAN: Optimal Placement of Virtualized Network Functions in the Next-generation Radio Access Networks