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While the existing vacating room before encryption (VRBE) based schemes canachieve decent embedding rate, the payloads of the existing vacating room afterencryption (VRAE) based schemes are relatively low. To address this issue, thispaper proposes a generalized framework for high-capacity RDHEI for both VRBEand VRAE cases. First, an efficient embedding room generation algorithm (ERGA)is designed to produce large embedding room by using pixel prediction andentropy encoding. Then, we propose two RDHEI schemes, one for VRBE, another forVRAE. In the VRBE scenario, the image owner generates the embedding room withERGA and encrypts the preprocessed image by using the stream cipher with twoencryption keys. Then, the data hider locates the embedding room and embeds theencrypted additional data. In the VRAE scenario, the cover image is encryptedby an improved block modulation and permutation encryption algorithm, where thespatial redundancy in the plain-text image is largely preserved. Then, the datahider applies ERGA on the encrypted image to generate the embedding room andconducts data embedding. For both schemes, the receivers with differentauthentication keys can respectively conduct error-free data extraction and/orerror-free image recovery. The experimental results show that the two proposedschemes outperform many state-of-the-art RDHEI arts. Besides, the schemes canensure high security level, where the original image can be hardly discoveredfrom the encrypted version before and after data hiding by the unauthorizeduser.

High-Capacity Framework for Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Image Using Pixel Predictions and Entropy Encoding