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We consider the scattering of light in participating media composed ofsparsely and randomly distributed discrete particles. The particle size isexpected to range from the scale of the wavelength to the scale several ordersof magnitude greater than the wavelength, and the appearance shows distinctgraininess as opposed to the smooth appearance of continuous media. Onefundamental issue in physically-based synthesizing this appearance is todetermine necessary optical properties in every local region. Since theseoptical properties vary spatially, we resort to geometrical opticsapproximation (GOA), a highly efficient alternative to rigorous Lorenz-Mietheory, to quantitatively represent the scattering of a single particle. Thisenables us to quickly compute bulk optical properties according to any particlesize distribution. Then, we propose a practical Monte Carlo rendering solutionto solve the transfer of energy in discrete participating media. Results showthat for the first time our proposed framework can simulate a wide range ofdiscrete participating media with different levels of graininess and convergesto continuous media as the particle concentration increases.

Rendering Discrete Participating Media with Geometrical Optics Approximation