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Telecommunication reforms in Zambia and the subsequent liberalisation of theinternational gateway was perceived as one of the means of promoting social andeconomic growth in both the urban and rural areas of the country. The outcomeof this undertaking propelled the rapid development of Internet which hasevidently brought about unprecedented paradigm shifts in the use of Informationand Communication Technologies (ICTs). It is indisputable that ICTs, and theInternet in particular, have revolutionalised the way we communicate today.Furthermore, the penetration of ICTs to other spheres of our daily lives isevidence enough that the impacts thereof go beyond mere communicative facets ofour lives. However, many challenges arose in the implementation oftelecommunications reforms. In order to achieve the status quo, government hadto make strategic liberalisation policies in the telecoms sector that saw theopening up of the international communication gateways to the private sector.This is in tandem with the fact that the relationship between government(through its formulation of policies and regulations) and other stakeholdersdetermines the ability of a country to generate and use advanced knowledge forindustrial competitiveness. As such, in this paper, we present the genesis andevaluate the impacts associated with the telecommunications reforms and thesubsequent liberalisation of international communication gateways, and Internetdevelopment in Zambia. We further consider the challenges this has broughtabout and discuss possible future directions. This is helpful in forecastingthe future landscape of the ICT sector considering that the country seeks toachieve universal coverage of both Internet and communication facilities to allZambians across the country.

Liberalisation of the International Gateway and Internet Development in Zambia: The Genesis, Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Directions