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Work has now begun on the sixth generation of cellular technologies (`6G`)and cost-efficient global broadband coverage is already becoming a key pillar.Indeed, we are still far from providing universal and affordable broadbandconnectivity, despite this being a key part of the Sustainable DevelopmentGoals (Target 9.c). Currently, both Mobile Network Operators and governmentsstill lack independent analysis of the strategies that can help achieve thistarget with the cellular technologies available (4G and 5G). Therefore, thispaper undertakes quantitative assessment demonstrating how current 5G policiesaffect universal broadband, as well as drawing conclusions over how decisionsmade now affect future evolution to 6G. Using a method based on an open-sourcetechno-economic codebase, combining remote sensing with least-cost networkalgorithms, performance analytics are provided for different 4G and 5Guniversal broadband strategies. As an example, the assessment approach isapplied to India, the world`s second-largest mobile market and a country withvery high spectrum prices. The results demonstrate the trade-offs betweentechnological decisions. This includes demonstrating how important currentinfrastructure policy is, particularly given fiber backhaul will be essentialfor delivering 6G quality of service. We find that by eliminating the spectrumlicensing costs, 100% 5G population coverage can viably be achieved using fiberbackhaul. Therefore, supportive infrastructure policies are essential inproviding a superior foundation for evolution to future cellular generation,such as 6G.

Supportive 5G Infrastructure Policies are Essential for Universal 6G:  Assessment using an Open-source Techno-economic Simulation Model utilizing  Remote Sensing