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Asymmetric behaviors of capacitance and charging dynamics in the cathode andanode are general for nanoporous supercapacitors. Understanding this behavioris essential for the optimal design of supercapacitors. Herein, we performconstant-potential molecular dynamics simulations to reveal asymmetric featuresof porous supercapacitors and their effects on capacitance and chargingdynamics. Our simulations show that, counterintuitively, charging dynamics canbe fast in pores providing slow ion diffusion and vice versa. Unlike electrodeswith single-size pores, multi-pore electrodes show overcharging and acceleratedco-ion desorption, which can be attributed to the subtle interplay between thedynamics and charging mechanisms. We find that capacitance and chargingdynamics correlate with how the ions respond to an applied cell voltage in thecathode and anode. We demonstrate that symmetrizing this response can helpboost power density, which may find practical applications in supercapacitoroptimization.

Symmetrizing cathode-anode response to speed up charging of nanoporous supercapacitors