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Cosmological simulations of structure formation are invaluable to study theevolution of the Universe and the development of galaxies in it successfullyreproducing many observations in the context of the cosmological paradigm$\Lambda$CDM. However, there are remarkable discrepancies with observationsthat are a matter of debate. One of the most recently reported is the diversityof shapes in the rotation curves of dwarf galaxies in the local Universe whichis in contrast to the apparent homogeneity of rotation curves in cosmologicalhydrodynamic simulations. Previous studies on similar problems have shown thatsometimes can be alleviated by accounting for the impact of observationaleffects in the comparison. For this reason, in this work we present a set ofcontrolled experiments to measure the impact that some systematic effects,associated with modeling the observation process in a realistic way, have onthe diversity of synthetic rotation curves. Our results demonstrate thatfactors such as spectral power, spatial resolution and inclination angle, cannaturally induce noticeable fluctuations on the shape of the rotation curves,reproducing up to $47\%$ of the diversity reported in the observations. This isremarkable, especially considering that we limited the sample tohighly-symmetric disks simulated in isolation. This shows that a more realisticmodeling of synthetic rotation curves may alleviate the reported tensionbetween simulations and observations, without posing a challenge to thestandard cosmological model of cold dark matter.

Systematic effects on the diversity of dwarf galaxies rotation curves