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The two-dimensional (2D) numerical approaches for vocal tract (VT) modellingcan afford a better balance between the low computational cost and accuraterendering of acoustic wave propagation. However, they require a highspatio-temporal resolution in the numerical scheme for a precise estimation ofacoustic formants at the simulation run-time expense. We have recently proposeda new VT acoustic modelling technique, known as the 2.5D Finite-DifferenceTime-Domain (2.5D FDTD), which extends the existing 2D FDTD approach by addingtube depth to its acoustic wave solver. In this work, first, the simulatedacoustic outputs of our new model are shown to be comparable with the 2D FDTDand a realistic 3D FEM VT model at a low spatio-temporal resolution. Next, aradiation model is developed by including a circular baffle around the VT ashead geometry. The transfer functions of the radiation model are analyzed usingfive different vocal tract shapes for vowel sounds /a/, /e/, /i/, /o/ and /u/.

A comparative study of two-dimensional vocal tract acoustic modeling based on Finite-Difference Time-Domain methods