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Security is one of the main challenges of the Internet of Things (IoT). IoTdevices are mainly powered by low-cost microcontrollers (MCUs) that typicallylack basic hardware security mechanisms to separate security-criticalapplications from less critical components. Recently, Arm has started torelease Cortex-M MCUs enhanced with TrustZone technology (i.e., TrustZone-M), asystem-wide security solution aiming at providing robust protection for IoTdevices. Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) relying on TrustZone hardwarehave been perceived as safe havens for securing mobile devices. However, forthe past few years, considerable effort has gone into unveiling hundreds ofvulnerabilities and proposing a collection of relevant defense techniques toaddress several issues. While new TEE solutions built on TrustZone-M startflourishing, the lessons gathered from the research community appear to befalling short, as these new systems are trapping into the same pitfalls of thepast.  In this paper, we present uTango, the first multi-world TEE for modern IoTdevices. uTango proposes a novel architecture aiming at tackling the majorarchitectural deficiencies currently affecting TrustZone(-M)-assisted TEEs. Inparticular, we leverage the very same TrustZone hardware primitives used bydual-world implementations to create multiple and equally secure executionenvironments within the normal world. We demonstrate the benefits of uTango byconducting an extensive evaluation on a real TrustZone-M hardware platform,i.e., Arm Musca-B1. uTango will be open-sourced and freely available on GitHubin hopes of engaging academia and industry on securing the foreseeable trillionIoT devices.

uTango: an open-source TEE for IoT devices