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We outline the construction of a molecular system that could, in principle,implement a thermodynamically reversible Universal Turing Machine (UTM). Byproposing a concrete-albeit idealised-design and operational protocol, wereveal fundamental challenges that arise when attempting to implement arbitrarycomputations reversibly. Firstly, the requirements of thermodynamicreversibility inevitably lead to an intricate design. Secondly,thermodynamically reversible UTMs, unlike simpler devices, must also belogically reversible. Finally, implementing multiple distinct computations inparallel is necessary to take the cost of external control per computation tozero, but this approach is complicated the distinct halting times of differentcomputations.

What would it take to build a thermodynamically reversible Universal  Turing machine? Computational and thermodynamic constraints in a molecular  design