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We propose a concentrated thermionic emission solar cell design, whichdemonstrates a high solar-to-electricity energy conversion efficiency largerthan 10\% under 600 sun, by harnessing the exceptional electrical, thermal andradiative properties of the graphene as a collector electrode. By constructingan analytical model that explicitly takes into account the non-Richardsonbehavior of the thermionic emission current from graphene, space charge effectin vacuum gap, and the various irreversible energy losses within thesubcomponents, we perform a detailed characterization on the conversionefficiency limit and electrical power output characteristics of the proposedsystem. We systematically model and compare the energy conversion efficiency ofvarious configurations of graphene-graphene and graphene-diamond anddiamond-diamond thermionic emitter, and show that utilizing diamond films as anemitter and graphene as a collector offers the highest maximum efficiency, thusrevealing the important role of graphene in achieving high-performancethermionic emission solar cell. A maximum efficiency of 12.8\% under 800 sunhas been revealed, which is significantly higher than several existingsolid-state solar cell designs, such as the solar-driven thermoelectric andthermophotovoltaic converters. Our work thus opens up new avenues to advancethe efficiency limit of thermionic solar energy conversion and the developmentof next-generation novel-nanomaterial-based solar energy harvesting technology.

Designing a Concentrated High-Efficiency Thermionic Solar Cell Enabled by Graphene Collector