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This paper investigates moving networks of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs),such as drones, as one of the innovative opportunities brought by the 5G. Witha main purpose to extend connectivity and guarantee data rates, the dronesrequire hovering locations due to limitations such as flight time and coveragesurface. We provide analytic bounds on the requirements in terms ofconnectivity extension for vehicular networks served by fixed Enhanced MobileBroadBand (eMBB) infrastructure, where both vehicular networks andinfrastructures are modeled using stochastic and fractal geometry as a modelfor urban environment. We prove that assuming $n$ mobile nodes (distributedaccording to a hyperfractal distribution of dimension $d_F$) and an average of$\rho$ Next Generation NodeB (gNBs), distributed like an hyperfractal ofdimension $d_r$ if $\rho=n^\theta$ with $\theta>d_r/4$ and letting $n$ tendingto infinity (to reflect megalopolis cities), then the average fraction ofmobile nodes not covered by a gNB tends to zero like$O\left(n^{-\frac{(d_F-2)}{d_r}(2\theta-\frac{d_r}{2})}\right)$. Interestingly,we then prove that the average number of drones, needed to connect each mobilenode not covered by gNBs is comparable to the number of isolated mobile nodes.We complete the characterisation by proving that when $\theta<d_r/4$ theproportion of covered mobile nodes tends to zero. We provide insights on theintelligent placement of the "garage of drones", the home location of thesenomadic infrastructure nodes, such as to minimize what we call the"flight-to-coverage time". We provide a fast procedure to select the relaysthat will be garages (and store drones) in order to minimize the number ofgarages and minimize the delay. Finally we confirm our analytical results usingsimulations carried out in Matlab.

Connecting flying backhauls of UAVs to enhance vehicular networks with fixed 5G NR infrastructure