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Thermal jitter (phase noise) from a free-running ring oscillator is a common,easily implementable physical randomness source in True Random NumberGenerators (TRNGs). We show how to evaluate entropy, autocorrelation, and bitpattern distributions of ring oscillator noise sources, even with low jitterlevels or some bias. Entropy justification is required in NIST 800-90B andAIS-31 testing and for applications such as the RISC-V entropy sourceextension. Our numerical evaluation algorithms outperform Monte Carlosimulations in speed and accuracy. We also propose a new lower bound estimationformula for the entropy of ring oscillator sources which applies more generallythan previous ones.

On Entropy and Bit Patterns of Ring Oscillator Jitter