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The optimization of high frequency giant magnetoimpedance (GMI) effect andits magnetic field sensitivity in melt-extracted Co69.25Fe4.25Si13B12.5Nb1amorphous microwires, through a multi-step Joule annealing (MSA) technique, wassystematically studied. The surface morphology, microstructure, surfacemagnetic property, and high frequency GMI response of the Co-rich microwireswere explored using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), magneto-optical Kerreffect (MOKE) magnetometry, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), andimpedance analyzer, respectively. An initial dc current (idc) of 20 mA, whichwas then increased by 20 mA at every time-step (10 min) up to 300 mA, wasapplied to the microwires. The MSA of 20 mA to 100 mA remarkably improved theGMI ratio and its field sensitivity up to 760% (1.75 time of that of theas-prepared), and 925%/Oe (more than 17.92 times of that of the as-prepared) atan operating frequency of 20 MHz, respectively. Our study indicates that theMSA technique can enhance the microstructures and the surface magnetic domainstructures of the Co-rich magnetic microwires, giving rise to the GMIenhancement. This technique is suitable for improving the GMI sensitivity atsmall magnetic fields, which is highly promising for biomedical sensing andhealthcare monitoring.

Optimization of the high-frequency magnetoimpedance response in melt-extracted Co-rich microwires through novel multiple-step Joule heating