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The private sector is playing an increasingly important role in basicArtificial Intelligence (AI) R&D. This phenomenon, which is reflected in theperception of a brain drain of researchers from academia to industry, israising concerns about a privatisation of AI research which could constrain itssocietal benefits. We contribute to the evidence base by quantifying transitionflows between industry and academia and studying its drivers and potentialconsequences. We find a growing net flow of researchers from academia toindustry, particularly from elite institutions into technology companies suchas Google, Microsoft and Facebook. Our survival regression analysis revealsthat researchers working in the field of deep learning as well as those withhigher average impact are more likely to transition into industry. Adifference-in-differences analysis of the effect of switching into industry ona researcher's influence proxied by citations indicates that an initialincrease in impact declines as researchers spend more time in industry. Thispoints at a privatisation of AI knowledge compared to a counterfactual wherethose high-impact researchers had remained in academia. Our findings highlightthe importance of strengthening the public AI research sphere in order toensure that the future of this powerful technology is not dominated by privateinterests.

The Privatization of AI Research(-ers): Causes and Potential Consequences -- From university-industry interaction to public research brain-drain?