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Aharonov-Bohm (AB) effect, the well-known archetype of electron-waveinterference phenomena, has been explored extensively through transportmeasurements. However, these techniques lack spatial resolution that would beindispensable for studying the magnetic and electrostatic AB oscillations atthe nanometer scale. Here, we demonstrated that scanning tunneling microscopy(STM) can be used as an AB interferometer operating on nanometer length scalesand the magneto-electric Aharonov-Bohm effect in minimally twisted bilayergraphene (TBG) was directly measured by using STM. In the minimally TBG, thereis a triangular network of chiral one-dimensional states hosted by domainboundaries due to structural reconstruction. Taking advantage of the highspatial resolution of the STM, both the magnetic and electrostatic ABoscillations arising from electron interference along moir\'e-scale triangularquantum paths in the minimally TBG were measured. Our work enables measure andcontrol of the AB effect and other electron-wave interference at the nanoscale.

Direct observation of magneto-electric Aharonov-Bohm effect in moir\'e-scale quantum paths of minimally twisted bilayer graphene