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This study evaluates a suspension design of a passenger car to obtain maximumrider's comfort when the vehicle is subjected to different road profile or roadsurface condition. The challenge will be on finding a balance between therider's comfort and vehicle handling to optimize design parameters. The studyuses a simple passive suspension system and an active suspension modelintegrated with a pneumatic actuator controlled by proportional integralderivative (PID) controller in both quarter car and full car models having adifferent degree of freedoms (DOF) and increasing degrees of complexities. Thequarter car considered as a 2-DOF model, while the full car model is a 7-DOFmodel. The design process set to optimise the spring stiffnesses, dampingcoefficients and actuator PID controller gains. For optimisation, the researchfeatured genetic algorithm optimisation technique to obtain a balanced responseof the vehicle as evaluated from the displacement, velocity and acceleration ofsprung and unsprung masses along with different human comfort and vehicleperformance criteria. The results revealed that the active suspension systemwith optimised spring stiffness, damping coefficients and PID gainsdemonstrated the superior riding comfort and road holding compared to a passivesuspension system.

Quarter and Full Car Models Optimisation of Passive and Active Suspension System Using Genetic Algorithm