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Increasing number in global COVID-19 cases demands for mathematical model toanalyze the interaction between the virus dynamics and the response of innateand adaptive immunity. Here, based on the assumption of a weak and delayedresponse of the innate and adaptive immunity in SARS-CoV-2 infection, weconstructed a mathematical model to describe the dynamic processes of immunesystem. Integrating theoretical results with clinical COVID-19 patients' data,we classified the COVID-19 development processes into three typical modes ofimmune responses, correlated with the clinical classification of mild &moderate, severe and critical patients. We found that the immune efficacy (theability of host to clear virus and kill infected cells) and the lymphocytesupply (the abundance and pool of na\"ive T and B cell) play important roles inthe dynamic process and determine the clinical outcome, especially for thesevere and critical patients. Furthermore, we put forward possible treatmentstrategies for the three typical modes of immune response. We hope our resultscan help to understand the dynamical mechanism of the immune response againstSARS-CoV-2 infection, and to be useful for the treatment strategies and vaccinedesign.

Model-based cellular kinetic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 infection: different immune response modes and treatment strategies