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We report on a novel structural Superfluid-Mott Insulator (SF-MI) quantumphase transition for an interacting one-dimensional Bose gas within permeablemulti-rod lattices, where the rod lengths are varied from zero to the latticeperiod length. We use the ab-initio diffusion Monte Carlo method to calculatethe static structure factor, the insulation gap, and the Luttinger parameter,which we use to determine if the gas is a superfluid or a Mott insulator. Forthe Bose gas within a square Kronig-Penney (KP) potential, where barrier andwell widths are equal, the SF-MI coexistence curve shows the same qualitativeand quantitative behavior as that of a typical optical lattice with equalperiodicity but slightly larger height. When we vary the width of the barriersfrom zero to the length of the potential period, keeping the height of the KPbarriers, we observe a new way to induce the SF-MI phase transition. Ourresults are of significant interest, given the recent progress on therealization of optical lattices with a subwavelength structure that wouldfacilitate their experimental observation.

Structural Superfluid-Mott Insulator Transition for a Bose Gas in Multi-Rods