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Earth System Models (ESM) are important tools that allow us to understand andquantify the physical, chemical & biological mechanisms governing the rates ofchange of elements of the Earth System, comprising of the atmosphere, ocean,land, cryosphere and biosphere (terrestrial and marine) and related components.ESMs are essentially coupled numerical models which incorporate processeswithin and across the different Earth system components and are expressed asset of mathematical equations. ESMs are useful for enhancing our fundamentalunderstanding of the climate system, its multi-scale variability, global andregional climatic phenomena and making projections of future climate change. Inthis chapter, we briefly describe the salient aspects of the Indian Instituteof Tropical Meteorology ESM (IITM ESM), that has been developed recently at theIITM, Pune, India, for investigating long-term climate variability and changewith focus on the South Asian monsoon.

The IITM Earth System Model (IITM ESM)