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Overturning tractors are the leading cause of fatalities on farms. Steeringinstability contributes significantly to the tractor overturning. This studyinvestigated tractor overturning accidents caused by the steering instabilityusing a driving simulator. The general commercial driving simulator CarSim(Mechanical Simulation Cooperation, MI, USA) was used. Tractor operations onsteep passage slopes were simulated to mimic conditions present for a realaccident case reported in Japan. Simulations were performed on roads with andwithout slopes. The tractor overturned only when on the road with the steepslope. The decrease in the vertical force on the front wheel caused thesteering instability and the tractor to overturn. The steering instabilitycaused understeer which prevents the operator from being able to control thetractor properly. Subsequently, the tractor overturned in the simulation. Thetractor driving simulator was capable of reproducing the steering instabilitywhich can lead to the overturning accident.

Investigation by Driving Simulation of Tractor Overturning Accidents Caused by Steering Instability