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The question of whether biological populations survive or are eventuallydriven to extinction has long been examined using mathematical models. In thiswork we study population survival or extinction using a stochastic, discretelattice-based random walk model where individuals undergo movement, birth anddeath events. The discrete model is defined on a two-dimensional hexagonallattice with periodic boundary conditions. A key feature of the discrete modelis that crowding effects are introduced by specifying two different crowdingfunctions that govern how local agent density influences movement events andbirth/death events. The continuum limit description of the discrete model is anonlinear reaction-diffusion equation, and we focus on crowding functions thatlead to linear diffusion and a bistable source term that is often associatedwith the strong Allee effect. Using both the discrete and continuum modellingtools we explore the complicated relationship between the long-term survival orextinction of the population and the initial spatial arrangement of thepopulation. In particular, we study different spatial arrangements of initialdistributions: (i) a well-mixed initial distribution where the initial densityis independent of position in the domain; (ii) a vertical strip initialdistribution where the initial density is independent of vertical position inthe domain; and, (iii) several forms of two-dimensional initial distributionswhere the initial population is distributed in regions with different shapes.Our results indicate that the shape of the initial spatial distribution of thepopulation affects extinction of bistable populations. All software required tosolve the discrete and continuum models used in this work are available onGitHub.

Extinction of bistable populations is affected by the shape of their initial spatial distribution