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Most of crystalline materials exhibit a hysteresis on their deformation curvewhen mechanically loaded in alternating directions. This Bauschinger effect isthe signature of mechanisms existing at the atomic scale and controlling thematerials damage and ultimately their failure. Here, three-dimensionalsimulations of dislocation dynamics and statistical analyses of themicrostructure evolution reveal two original elementary mechanisms. Anasymmetry in the dislocation network junctions arising from the stress drivencurvatures and the partial reversibility of plastic avalanches give anexplanation to the traction-compression asymmetry observed in FCCsingle-crystals. These mechanisms are then connected in a physically justifiedway to larger-scale representations using a dislocation density based theory.Parameter-free predictions of the Bauschinger effect and strain hardeningduring cyclic deformation in different materials and over a range of loadingdirections and different plastic strain amplitudes are found to be in excellentagreement with experiments. This work brings invaluable mechanistic insightsfor the interpretation of experiments and for the design of structuralcomponents to consolidate their service life under cyclic load.

On the Origins of Tension--Compression Asymmetry in Crystals and Implications for Cyclic Behavior