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This paper proposes a cloud energy storage (CES) model for enabling localrenewable integration of building consumers (BCs). Different from most existingthird-party based ES sharing models that the energy storage operator (ESO)gains profit by leasing energy or power capacity, our CES model allows the ESOto sell renewable utilization service (RUS) to its consumers, i.e., the totalamount of local renewable generation shifted to supply their demand. Notably,we propose a quadratic price model for the ESO charging its consumers by theirrequested RUS and formulate their interactions as a Stackelberg game, whichadmits an equilibrium. We prove the CES model outperforms individual ES (IES)model in social welfare. Besides, we study the performance of the CES modelcompared with the IES model and an existing ES sharing model (referring to VESmodel) via case studies. We demonstrate the CES model can provide 2-4 timesprofit to the ESO than the VES model. Meanwhile, higher cost reduction for theBCs are secured by the CES model. Moreover, we show the CES model can achievenear social optima and high ES efficiency (i.e., utilization) which are notprovided by the other ES models.

Selling Renewable Utilization Service to Consumers via Cloud Energy Storage